Exam 3 review

Environmental Science 102W
Exam 3 study guide

Set 3 topics

Drinking water, constructed wetlands, cancer

Air pollution, concentrations, weather

Air pollution, laws/regulations, standards, individual pollutants (CO, VOC, etc.)

Water on Tap questions.

Air trends readings (A reminder, for the questions listed in Set 3.)

What is the difference between primary and secondary drinking water standards?

How can a drinking water contaminant cause blue baby syndrome?

What, under current understanding, are the steps in formation of a tumor?

How does maximum tolerated dose relate to an increased cancer risk?

Most cancers are environmental in origin. Define environmental here.

What did the studies on Japanese immigrants illustrate about the cause of cancer?
Genetic makeup was held fairly constant, so what changed in the two groups of Japanese immigrants?

What are the top causes of cancer in the United States?

How do Louisiana cancer rates differ from national rates?

What's the difference between a gas and a vapor?

What are the two large categories of air pollutants?

What are the units for ambient concentration of a gas or vapor in air?

What factors affect ambient air concentration at a certain spot?

What are the products of respiration?

What are the products of photosynthesis?

What units are used for the concentration of particulate matter in the air?

What is the preferred way of describing the adverse effects of air pollution on vegetation?

What are some natural sources of air pollution? Why are human sources more important?

What factors affect the air concentration of a pollutant?

What is the relationship between atmospheric pressure and altitude?

What is the usual relationship between air temperature and altitude?

Which is a constant, atmospheric temperature profile or adiabatic lapse rate?

How does mixing height change?

Which kind of inversion is worse for air quality? Why?

What characteristics did those who died during the London episode have in common?

What were the pollutants that were in excessively high concentrations during the London episode?

What was the source of the pollutants in the London episode?

How was the weather important to the London episode?

Why has London had no repeat of its infamous 1952 episode?

Give the steps in setting an environmental quality standard. How is the endpoint chosen? For what group?

What susceptible group did the USEPA choose when setting the carbon monoxide NAAQS?

What was the endpoint used to set the carbon monoxide NAAQS?

Give three reasons that workplace air quality standards allow higher concentrations than community air quality standards.

Note: Only two pollutant/pollutant categories are covered in this material: carbon monoxide and volatile organic compounds. The other air pollutants, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, ozone, particulate matter, and lead will be in the next package of notes and readings.

Why is oxygenated fuel used as a control measure for carbon monoxide?

What do we mean when we say that VOC is a category of air pollutants?

What are the two chemical products of complete combustion?

Explain several control techniques for VOC.

What are the units for tailpipe emission standards?

Explain how controls on particulate matter and VOC lowered emissions of air toxics before the 1990 Clean Air Act's air toxics control program began.

What are the natural sources of VOC?

What are the human sources of VOC?

What are the adverse health effects of overexposure to VOC?

What are the control techniques for VOC emissions?

All questions in the required web readings.

Terms

primary drinking water standard
secondary drinking water standard
maximum contaminant level
methemoglobinemia
methemoglobinreductase
carcinoma
sarcoma
leukemia/lymphoma
constructed wetlands
initiation
promotion
tumor suppressor genes
oncogenes
mutation
DNA repair
apoptosis
maximum tolerated dose
incidence rate
tumor registry
vapor
gas
ppm by volume
VOCs
aerosol
dust
smoke
fume
combustion
respiration
carbon monoxide
carbon dioxide
density
source density
source strength
chemical removal
physical removal
horizontal dispersion
vertical dispersion
adiabatic lapse rate
atmospheric temperature profile
mixing height
radiation inversion
subsidence inversion
averaging time
endpoint
excess deaths
margin of safety
criteria pollutant
criteria document
source density
sensitive/susceptible group
state implementation plan
carboxyhemoglobin
catalytic converter
central nervous system depression
oxygenated fuel
nonattainment area

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